Ka coronavirus ọhụrụ ahụ na-agbasa n'ụwa niile, nlebara anya ndị mmadụ na ahụike eruola ọkwa a na-enwetụbeghị ụdị ya. Karịsịa, ihe iyi egwu nke coronavirus ọhụrụ nwere na ngụgụ na akụkụ iku ume ndị ọzọ na-eme ka nlekọta ahụike kwa ụbọchị dị mkpa. N'imegide ndabere a, akụrụngwa oximeter pulse na-abawanye n'ime ndụ ndị mmadụ kwa ụbọchị ma bụrụkwa ihe dị mkpa maka nlekota ahụike ụlọ.
Ya mere, ị maara onye mepụtara nke ọgbara ọhụrụ pulse oximeter?
Dị ka ọtụtụ ọganihu sayensị, oximeter pulse nke oge a abụghị echiche nke ụfọdụ onye nwere ọgụgụ isi. Malite na echiche oge ochie, nke na-egbu mgbu, na-adịghị ngwa na nke na-adịghị arụ ọrụ n'etiti afọ 1800, na ihe karịrị otu narị afọ, ọtụtụ ndị ọkà mmụta sayensị na ndị injinia ahụike anọgidewo na-eme ọganihu nkà na ụzụ n'ịleta ọkwa oxygen ọbara, na-agbalịsi ike inye ngwa ngwa, ngwa ngwa na ndị na-abụghị. - invasive pulse oximetry usoro.
1840 Hemoglobin, nke na-ebu oxygen molecule n'ime ọbara, chọpụtara
N'etiti etiti afọ 1800, ndị ọkà mmụta sayensị malitere ịghọta otú ahụ mmadụ si enweta oxygen ma kesaa ya n'ime ahụ dum.
Na 1840, Friedrich Ludwig Hunefeld, onye so na German Biochemical Society, chọpụtara usoro kristal nke na-ebu oxygen n'ọbara, si otú ahụ na-agha mkpụrụ nke pulse oximetry ọgbara ọhụrụ.
N'afọ 1864, Felix Hoppe-Seyler nyere ihe owuwu kristal anwansi ndị a aha nke ha, haemoglobin. Nnyocha nke Hope-Thaylor banyere hemoglobin dugara onye Irish-British mathematician na ọkà mmụta physics bụ George Gabriel Stokes ka ọ mụọ "mbelata pigmentary na oxidation nke protein n'ime ọbara."
N'afọ 1864, George Gabriel Stokes na Felix Hoppe-Seyler chọtara nsonaazụ dị iche iche nke ọbara oxygen bara ụba na ikuku oxygen n'okpuru ìhè.
Nlele nke George Gabriel Stokes na Felix Hoppe-Seyler mere na 1864 hụrụ ihe akaebe dị iche iche nke hemoglobin na-ejikọta na oxygen. Ha hụrụ:
Ọbara nwere ikuku oxygen (hemoglobin oxygenated) na-apụta na-acha uhie uhie cherry n'okpuru ìhè, ebe ọbara oxygen-ogbenye (haemoglobin na-adịghị oxygen) na-apụta na-acha odo odo-acha ọbara ọbara. Otu ihe nlele ọbara ga-agbanwe agba ma ọ bụrụ na ekpughere ya na ikuku oxygen dị iche iche. Ọbara nwere ikuku oxygen na-apụta na-acha uhie uhie, ebe ọbara ikuku oxygen na-apụta na-acha odo odo-acha ọbara ọbara. Mgbanwe agba a bụ n'ihi mgbanwe na njirimara mmịpụta nke mkpụrụ ndụ hemoglobin mgbe ha jikọtara ya na ma ọ bụ kewapụ na oxygen. Nchoputa a na-enye ihe akaebe spectroscopic kpọmkwem maka ọrụ oxygen na-ebu ọbara ma na-atọkwa ntọala sayensị maka njikọ nke hemoglobin na oxygen.
Mana n'oge Stokes na Hope-Taylor nọ na-eme nnwale ha, naanị otu ụzọ a ga-esi tụọ ọkwa oxygenation ọbara onye ọrịa ka bụ ịnara nlele ọbara wee nyochaa ya. Usoro a na-egbu mgbu, na-akpasu iwe, na ọ na-adịkwa ngwa inye ndị dọkịta oge zuru ezu iji mee ihe na ozi ọ na-enye. Na usoro mmegide ọ bụla ma ọ bụ ntinye aka nwere ike ibute ọrịa, ọkachasị n'oge mbepụ akpụkpọ ahụ ma ọ bụ osisi agịga. Ọrịa a nwere ike ime na mpaghara ma ọ bụ gbasaa ka ọ bụrụ ọrịa sistemu. si otú a na-eduga na ahụike
mberede ọgwụgwọ.
N'afọ 1935, dọkịta bụ́ onye Germany bụ́ Karl Matthes chepụtara otu oximeter nke ji ogologo ogologo ọ̀tụ̀tụ̀ abụọ amụba ìhè n'ọbara ahụ e tinyere n'ime ntị.
Dọkịta bụ́ onye Germany bụ́ Karl Mattes chepụtara ihe n’afọ 1935, bụ́ nke a na-etinye n’oghere ntị onye ọrịa nke na-enwekwa ike na-amụba n’ọbara onye ọrịa n’ụzọ dị mfe. Na mbụ, a na-eji agba abụọ nke ìhè, akwụkwọ ndụ akwụkwọ ndụ na ọbara ọbara, chọpụta ọnụnọ nke hemoglobin oxygenated, ma ngwaọrụ ndị dị otú ahụ na-eji nkà ọhụrụ eme ihe, ma ha nwere obere ojiji n'ihi na ọ na-esiri ha ike ịhazi ma na-enye naanị usoro saturation karịa nsonaazụ paramita zuru oke.
Onye na-emepụta ihe na physiologist Glenn Millikan mepụtara oximeter mbụ na-ebugharị na 1940s.
Onye America na-emepụta ihe na physiologist Glenn Millikan mepụtara ekweisi nke a bịara mara dị ka oximeter mbụ nwere ike ibugharị. O chepụtakwara okwu a bụ “oximetry”.
Emepụtara ngwaọrụ ahụ iji gboo mkpa ngwaọrụ bara uru maka ndị na-anya ụgbọ elu nke Agha Ụwa nke Abụọ bụ ndị na-efega mgbe ụfọdụ n'ebe dị elu nke agụụ oxygen na-agụ. A na-eji oximeter ntị Millikan eme ihe na ụgbọ elu ndị agha.
1948–1949: Earl Wood kwalitere oximeter Millikan
Ihe ọzọ Millikan leghaara anya na ngwaọrụ ya bụ mkpa ọ dị ime ka ọbara buru ibu na ntị.
Dọkịta Mayo Clinic Earl Wood mepụtara ngwaọrụ oximetry nke na-eji ikuku ikuku na-amanyekwu ọbara n'ime ntị, na-eme ka ọgụgụ ziri ezi na nke a pụrụ ịdabere na ya ozugbo. Igwe isi a bụ akụkụ nke sistemu oximeter ntị Wood akpọsara na 1960s.
1964: Robert Shaw mepụtara oximeter ntị nke mbụ zuru oke
Robert Shaw, bụ dọkịta na-awa na San Francisco, nwara itinyekwu ebili mmiri nke ìhè na oximeter, na-emeziwanye na ụzọ nchọpụta mbụ Matisse si jiri n'ogologo abụọ nke ìhè.
Ngwa Shaw na-agụnye ìhè wavelength asatọ, nke na-agbakwụnyekwu data na oximeter iji gbakọọ ọkwa ọbara oxygenated. A na-ewere ngwaọrụ a dị ka oximeter ntị ọgụgụ isi nke mbụ.
1970: Hewlett-Packard weputara oximeter azụmahịa mbụ
A na-ewere oximeter Shaw dị oke ọnụ, buru ibu, ma a ga-ebugharị ya site n'ọnụ ụlọ ruo n'ọnụ ụlọ n'ụlọ ọgwụ. Otú ọ dị, ọ na-egosi na a ghọtara ụkpụrụ nke pulse oximetry nke ọma iji ree ya na ngwugwu azụmahịa.
Hewlett-Packard mebere oximeter ntị dị ogologo asatọ na 1970 wee gaa n'ihu na-enye oximeters pulse.
1972-1974: Takuo Aoyagi weputara ụkpụrụ ọhụrụ nke pulse oximeter.
Ka ọ na-enyocha ụzọ a ga-esi meziwanye ngwaọrụ nke na-atụ nrịba ọbara akwara, onye injinia Japan bụ Takuo Aoyagi sụrụ ngọngọ na nchọpụta nke nwere nnukwu mmetụta maka nsogbu ọzọ: pulse oximetry. Ọ chọpụtara na ọ̀tụ̀tụ̀ oxygenation dị n'ọbara akwara nwekwara ike iji ọ̀tụ̀tụ̀ ụda obi nke obi na-agba tụọ.
Takuo Aoyagi webatara onye were ya n'ọrụ Nihon Kohden ụkpụrụ a, onye mechara mepụta oximeter OLV-5100. Ewebata ya na 1975, a na-ewere ngwaọrụ a dị ka oximeter ntị mbụ nke ụwa dabere na ụkpụrụ Aoyagi nke pulse oximetry. Ngwa ahụ abụghị ihe ịga nke ọma nke azụmahịa yana eleghara nghọta ya anya ruo nwa oge. Onye na-eme nchọpụta Japan bụ Takuo Aoyagi bụ onye ama ama maka itinye "pulse" n'ime oximetry pulse site n'iji usoro ebili mmiri na-emepụta site na akwara akwara iji tụọ na gbakọọ SpO2. O buru ụzọ kọọ ọrụ ndị otu ya na 1974. A na-ewerekwa ya dị ka onye mepụtara ihe ọgbara ọhụrụ nke pulse oximeter.
N'afọ 1977, a mụrụ OXIMET Met 1471 nke mbụ mkpịsị aka mkpịsị aka.
Ka e mesịrị, Masaichiro Konishi na Akio Yamanishi nke Minolta tụpụtara echiche yiri nke ahụ. N'afọ 1977, Minolta wepụtara oximeter mkpịsị aka mbụ, OXIMET Met 1471, bụ nke malitere ịmalite ụzọ ọhụrụ nke iji mkpịsị aka tụọ pulse oximetry.
Ka ọ na-erule 1987, Aoyagi kacha mara amara dị ka onye mepụtara oximeter pulse ọgbara ọhụrụ. Aoyagi kwenyere na "ịmepụta teknụzụ nlekota nke na-adịghị emebi emebi" maka nlekota onye ọrịa. Oximeter pulse nke oge a na-etinye ụkpụrụ a, na ngwaọrụ taa bụ ngwa ngwa na enweghị mgbu maka ndị ọrịa.
1983 Nellcor mbụ pulse oximeter
N'afọ 1981, ọkà n'ọrịa anesthesiologist William New na ndị ọrụ ibe abụọ hiwere ụlọ ọrụ ọhụrụ a na-akpọ Nellcor. Ha wepụtara oximeter mbụ ha na 1983 akpọrọ Nellcor N-100. Nellcor akwalitela ọganihu na teknụzụ semiconductor iji zụọ ahịa oximeters mkpịsị aka yiri ya. Ọbụghị naanị na N-100 bụ eziokwu yana obere obere obere, ọ na-etinyekwa atụmatụ ọhụrụ na teknụzụ pulse oximetry, kpọmkwem ihe ngosi a na-anụ nke na-egosipụta ọnụego pulse na SpO2.
Oximeter obere mkpịsị aka nke oge a
Pulse oximeters adabawo nke ọma maka ọtụtụ nsogbu ndị nwere ike ibilite mgbe ha na-agbalị ịlele ọkwa ọbara oxygenated nke onye ọrịa. Ha na-erite uru dị ukwuu site na mbelata nke ibe kọmpụta, na-enye ha ohere inyocha ntụgharị ọkụ na data mkpụrụ obi nke enwetara na obere ngwugwu. Ọganihu dijitalụ na-enyekwa ndị injinia ahụike ohere ime mgbanwe na ndozi iji kwalite izi ezi nke ọgụgụ oximeter pulse.
Mmechi
Ahụike bụ akụ na ụba mbụ na ndụ, na pulse oximeter bụ onye nlekọta ahụike gbara gị gburugburu. Họrọ oximeter pulse anyị wee tinye ahụike na mkpịsị aka gị! Ka anyị ṅaa ntị na nlekota oxygen ọbara ma chebe ahụike nke anyị na ezinụlọ anyị!
Oge nzipu: Mee-13-2024
